Measurement of Anti-proliferative Activity Experiment

Measurement of Anti-proliferative Activity Experiment Human cancer cell lines A549 (Lung carcinoma), MCF-7 (Breast adenocarcinoma), DU 145 (Prostate carcinoma), DLD-1 (Colorectal adenocarcinoma), FaDu (squamous cell carcinoma of pharynx) were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), USA. These cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and antibiotic combinations in 5% CO2 humidified atmosphere at 37 0C. A colorimetric sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay was used for the measurement of anti-proliferative activity as described before (Adaramoye et al., 2011; Fricker and Buckley, 1995; Keepers et al., 1991; Skehan et al., 1990). It is the second major technique for testing and is the more preferred. This basically depends on the incur of the negatively charged pink amino xanthine dye, sulphorhodamine B (SRB) through basic amino acids in the cells. The released dye will give a more intense colour and more absorbance, when the number of cells and amount of dye is taken up is greater, after fixing, when the cells are lysed, (Skehan et al., 1990). The SRB assay is sensitive, simple, reproducible and more rapid than the formazan-based assays and gives better linearity, a good signal-to-noise ratio and has a stable end-point that does not require a time-sensitive measurement, as do the MTT or XTT assays (Fricker and Buckley, 1995; Keepers et al., 1991). Ten thousand cells were seeded to each well of 96-well plate, grown overnight and exposed to test samples at 100  µg/ml concentration for 48 h. Cells were then fixed with ice-cold tri-chloro acetic acid (50% w/v, 50 µl/well), stained with SRB (0.4% w/v in 1% acetic acid, 50 µl/well), washed and air dried. Bound dye was dissolved in 150 ÃŽ ¼L of 10mM Tris base and plates were read at 510 nm absorbance (Epoch Microplate Reader, Biotek, USA). Anti-proliferative activity of test samples was calculated as: % inhibition in cell growth = [100-(Absorbance of compound treated cells/ Absorbance of untreated cells)] x100. Principal component analysis PCA was carried out based on the contents of eighteen bioactive compounds in fruits and leaves of five Cassia species, using STATISTICA 7.0 software. When the contents of investigated compounds were below the quantitation limit or not detected in the samples, the values of such elements were considered to be zero. Results and discussion Optimization of chromatographic and MS/MS conditions Complete separation of proximate analytes is certainly not required for MS/MS detection. In this study, chrysophanic acid and emodin are having same product ion, while catechin and epicatechin are having same precursor and product ion. Therefore, mobile phase was optimized using different compositions of solvents and adjusting their gradient elution for separation of all the compounds. Acetonitrile possesses stronger elution ability in comparison to methanol, which shortens the elution time and thus selected for this method. On the basis of the polarity of anthraquinones, phenolics, flavonoids and terpenoids in the extracts of Cassia species samples, an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm Ãâ€" 50 mm, 1.7 µm; Waters, Milford, MA) column was selected for their separation, which was more suitable for acidic mobile phase with smoother baseline in the separation as compared to other tested columns. Compared with acetic acid, formic acid was found more effective for ionization of compounds det ected in the negative ESI mode. Thus, different concentration strengths (0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2%) of formic acid were investigated, and finally 0.1% formic acid concentration was selected for analysis. Therefore, optimized gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min with the column temperature of 30 °C resulted in separation of the 18 compounds in less than 8 min chromatographic run time. All the compound dependent MS parameters (precursor ion, product ion, declustering potential (DP) and collision energy (CE) were carefully optimized for each targeted compound in negative ESI mode, which was performed by flow injection analysis (FIA). The chemical structures of 18 components were characterized based on their retention behaviour and MS information such as quasimolecular ions [M-H], fragment ions [M-H-COO], [M-H-COO-CH3], [M- CO-H2O] compared to related standards and literatures (Pandey et al., 2014; Wei et al., 2013; Xia et al., 2011; Yu et al., 2009). MRM parameters: DP, EP, CE and CXP were optimized to achieve the most abundant, specific and stable MRM transition for each compound as shown in Table 1. MRM extracted ion chromatogram of analytes are shown in Fig. 1. Analytical Method Validation The proposed UPLC-MRM method for quantitative analysis was validated according to the guidelines of international conference on harmonization (ICH, Q2R1) by linearity, LOQs and LODs, precision, solution stability, and recovery. Linearity, LOD and LOQ The internal standard method was employed to calculate the contents of eighteen analytes in Cassia species. The stock solution was diluted with methanol to different working concentrations for the construction of calibration curves. The linearity of calibration was performed by the analytes-to-IS peak area ratios versus the nominal concentration and the calibration curves were constructed with a weight (1/x2) factor by least-squares linear regression. The applied calibration model for all curves was y = a x + b, where y = peak area ratio (analyte/IS), x = concentration of the analyte, a = slope of the curve and b = intercept. The LODs and LOQs were measured with S/N of 3 and 10, respectively as criteria. The results were listed in Table 1. All the calibration curves indicated good linearity with correlation coefficients (r2) from 0.9990 to 0.9999 within the test ranges. The LODs for each analyte varied from 0.02-1.34 ng/mL and LOQs from 0.06-3.88 ng/ml and were much lower than those obtained with previous HPLC methods (Chewchinda et al., 2012; Chewchinda et al., 2014; Chewchinda et al., 2013; Ni et al., 2009; Prakash et al., 2007). Precision, Stability and Recovery The intra-day and inter-day variations, for the determination of precision of the developed method, were evaluated by determining the eighteen analytes in six replicates on a single day and by duplicating the experiments over three successive days. The overall intra-day and inter-day precision were not more than 3.37 %. Stability of sample solutions stored at room temperature was evaluated by replicate injections at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h. The RSDs value of stability of the eighteen analytes ≠¤ 3.19 %. A recovery test was applied to evaluate the accuracy of this method. Three different concentration levels (high, middle and low) of the analytical standards were added into the samples. Three replicates were performed at each level. The percentage recoveries were calculated according to the following equation: (detected amount–original amount) Ãâ€" 100% / added amount. The analytical method developed had good accuracy with overall recovery in the range from 97.75-105.09 % (RSD ≠¤ 2.42 %) for all analytes (Table 1).

Burke-Litwin: Understanding Drivers for Change Essay

There are many reasons that change occurs in organisations. Building on the Burke-Litwin model of organisational change and performance, this article will help you identify different drivers of change and consider the implications for you as a change manager. The Model The Burke-Litwin model[1] shows the various drivers of change and ranks them in terms of importance. The model is expressed diagrammatically, with the most important factors featuring at the top. The lower layers become gradually less important. The model argues that all of the factors are integrated (to greater or lesser degrees). Therefore, a change in one will eventually affect all other factors. The Burke-Litwin model Burke-Litwin believe environmental factors to be the most important driver for change. Indeed, most change can be traced back to external drivers for change. Important elements of organisational success, such as mission and strategy, leadership and organisational culture, are often impacted by changes that originate outside the organisation. It is your job to understand these external changes and identify the implications for you and your team. Identifying and Dealing with Drivers for Change 1. External Environment This includes such factors as markets, legislation, competition and the economy. All of these will have consequences for organisations, and, as a change manager, it is vital that you  continually scan the environment for issues that will affect you and your team. For example, in the world of accountancy, International Accounting Standards and International Financial Reporting Standards will have a significant impact on the way companies manage their accounts and report their results. In the public sector, legislative changes across health, local government and other services have a direct impact on the work organisations are required to carry out. 2. Mission and Strategy An organisation’s mission articulates its reason for existing. It is the foundation upon which all activity should be built. The strategy then sets out, in broad terms, how the organisation will go about achieving its mission. Very often, the strategy will be developed in light of environmental change, and will have a significant impact on the work you do. As a change manager, you need to understand change in strategy and be able to communicate the implications to your staff. 3. Leadership This considers the attitudes and behaviour of senior colleagues and how these behaviours are perceived by the organisation as a whole. The way in which change is implemented and accepted through the organisation will be largely influenced by the top team. Does your team believe that senior colleagues are committed to change, or is it just another initiative that will disappear in six month’s time? 4. Organisation Culture Organisation culture can be described as â€Å"the way we do things around here†. It considers the beliefs, behaviours, values and conventions that prevail in an organisation. Culture change does not happen overnight. It evolves over time as a result of many other changes in the organisation. As a manager, you should keep in mind the desired state for the organisation, in terms of how you expect people to behave (and not to behave), and what your organisation values as important. You need to ensure that your behaviour fits with these expectations at all times, and that you ‘walk the walk’. 5. Structure Very often, changes in strategy can lead to changes in the way the organisation is structured. This can impact on relationships, responsibilities and ways of working. Your job is to assess the impact of the structural change and ensure your team understands why it is required, and what it means for them. 6. Work Unit Climate This considers employees’ perception of their immediate colleagues and working environment. Our immediate working environment is often what shapes our view of the organisation as a whole, and influences the extent to which we feel satisfied in our jobs. Changes to the immediate working environment need to be managed sensitively, as they are likely to invoke a range of emotional and political responses from staff. This is particularly the case where change involves moving location, a change in personnel, or a change in terms of conditions of service, such as working hours. 7. Task Requirements and Individual Skills/Abilities Change at a higher level in the organisation will often require changes in the work carried out and the skills available in the team. As the change manager you need to assess whether: all the right skills are in place; if they can be developed; or, if you need to bring them in from outside the team. 8. Individual Needs and Values Changes to team membership can mean a change in the team dynamic. In a perfect world, we would be able to recruit the exact fit for our teams, in terms of personal style, abilities and skills mix. However, in reality it is not always possible, and it is your job to identify any risks in this areas and mitigate them as best you can. 9. Employee Motivation Considers the significance of individual and organisational goals. Motivation is key to effective change. The real challenge is to maintain motivation throughout a change project, particularly when change is often not well-received by those affected. [1] Burke & Litwin, ‘A Causal Model of Organisation Performance and Change’, Journal of Management, Vol 18, No 3 (1992), pp 523–545.

How Can Alternative Sources of Energy Be Harnessed

How can alternative sources of energy be harnessed effectively? Written by Jill (Huimei ZHOU) Nowadays, there are more and more alternative sources of energy for people to use. But in order to harness these alternative sources of energy effectively, different countries take different actions based on their own natural resources. This essay will show that how to make full use of energy from different countries' viewpoints. Undenied, many years ago, a lot of countries just use the fossil fuels to supply the energy that the whole city needs, but now the sources of energy are more than before, such as solar energy and biomass.So in this case, many countries try them best to harness the renewable energy to reduce the dependence on the traditional energy. Over the last five years, many European countries have increased their reliance on wind farms and hydroelectric dams because of more expensive fossil fuels. For example, in Sweden, the city Kristiantad is looking into building satellite b iogas plants for outlying areas and expanding its network of underground biogas pipes to allow the construction of more filling stations. [1]Besides the European countries, the United States also makes some measures to control the renewable energy more effectively. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the United Sates need to spend about 8000 US farms on installing biomass plants. [2] In order to cut down costs, a number of states and companies are considering new investments or programs. They hope to build plants in Calnifornia to turn organic waste from farms and gas from water treatment plants into biogas. [3] Because of less natural energy and more expensive fees, this way can help the whole state to meet requirements.Above on these countries' methods, we can clearly see that different countries have different environments and situations. So if a country want to harness alternative sources of energy, they should make more reasonable policies depending on their real conditions, which will be more useful. Reference: [1]Using waste, Swedish city cuts its fossil fuel use[1], Source Book, Paragraph 3. [2]Using waste, Swedish city cuts its fossil fuel use[1], Source Book, Paragraph 4. [3]Using waste, Swedish city cuts its fossil fuel use[1], Source Book, Paragraph 4.

Martin Luther and the Reformation - 2927 Words

Martin Luther and the Reformation A German Augustinian friar, Martin Luther launched the Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century. Luther grew up the son of a miner, but he did not maintain that lifestyle for himself. He lived in a period that had a widespread desire for reformation of the Christian church and a yearning for salvation. Martin Luther was born at Eisleben in Saxony. Since his father was a miner, it was a great distress on him to send Martin to school and then to the University of Erfurt. There is where he earned his masters degree at the young age of twenty-one. (Erikson, 39) Although his father wished him to study law, Martin, after being terribly frightened in a thunderstorm, vowed to become a friar. In†¦show more content†¦Archbishop Albert needed someone to sell indulgences for him, so he hired Dominican friar John Tetzel. Tetzel made this into a business and even began to heavily advertise the sale of indulgences. He came up with catchy slo gans to lure people into buying them. He even came up with a chart price to persuade people to buy the best or most expensive indulgences. Luther did not agree with this because people no longer saw the need for repentance and felt they could buy away their sins. He was greatly troubled that people were buying into these advertising gimmicks. Since, at the time, the church did not have an official doctrine on indulgences, Luther decided this entitled him to discuss the subject critically. In doing so Luther wrote Archbishop Albert a letter on the subject and enclosed in Latin Ninety-five Theses on the Power of Indulgences. He argued indulgences made people believe repentance was not important, it downplayed the importance of charity in Christian life, and it competed with the preaching of the Gospel. (Boehmer, 198) Once Luther died, his disciple Philipp Melanchthon reported that the theses were also posted on the door of the church at Wittenberg Castle on October 31, 1517, al though not all modern scholars are completely convinced this ever took place. (Erikson, 142) By December of 1517, the theses had all been translated to German and were read throughout the empire.Show MoreRelatedMartin Luther And The Reformation1803 Words   |  8 PagesThesis Statement The purpose of my paper will reflect the life of Martin Luther during the Reformation period and the changes brought forth as a result of his teachings and writings. Luther’s findings not only transformed his own actions, but change the thought process of millions. The study of Martin Luther is the key that unlocks the background of the Protestant Reformation and it’s origins. Introduction Research on Martin Luther was chosen to demonstrate the importance of his works, and decisionsRead MoreThe Doctrines Of Martin Luther, Reformation And The Reformation740 Words   |  3 PagesLuther was ordained in 1508. In 1512, he became a lecturer at the university of Wittenberg. Significantly, Luther’s devotion to theology would lead him to explore the problems plaguing the Catholic Church. During his inquisitive years, Luther began to question the doctrines of the Catholic Church. Luther’s view of salvation, penance and righteousness began to change from the view he was instructed to believe in. Additionally, Luther’s extensive study led him to form his own ideas and formulate aRead MoreMartin Luther And The Reformation Of The Protestant Reformation Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesMartin Luther became one of the most influential figures in Christian history. He began the protestant reformation in the 16th century. He also called into question some of the b asic tenets of Roman Catholicism and eventually his followers soon split from the Roman Catholic Church to become protestant. He was known to be a very controversial man not just for his writing of the ninety five thesis but for others and in his later years his feeling about the Jews. His teaching of the bible is what leadRead MoreMartin Luther And The Protestant Reformation1349 Words   |  6 Pagesto fix by amendment is Martin Luther. In the early 15th century, the Catholic Church was under siege from criticism based off of corruptions and Catholic wrongdoings; this time in history was known as the Protestant Reformation. The main catalyst in this revolution was none other than Martin Luther. Although Martin Luther sparked rebellion and a revolution, he , himself, was a reactionary reformer in how he wanted to restore the church into what it once was. Martin Luther, according to his ideasRead MoreMartin Luther And The Protestant Reformation1608 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst step o f the Protestant Reformation was carried out by a monk called Martin Luther to adjust the unfairness of the Catholic Church. He believed that the Christian faith was a simple religion, misrepresented on account of inadequate papal authority. Like the Roman Empire the Church had broadened its territorial domain and bureaucratic function. The moral authority of the church was corrupted because of its tainted clerical practices. In his Ninety-Five Theses, Martin mainly targeted the doctrineRead MoreMartin Luther And The Protestant Reformation1326 Words   |  6 PagesThus the Religious Reformation period was the most important time because new religions were formed and the RCC had all the power. Indeed supporters of the Reformation Religions believe that this time had the biggest impact because during this time new religions were created and millions changed faith. In his text â€Å"Martin Luther† the author argues that â€Å"Martin Luther as a Christian theologist and Augustinian monk whose teachings inspired the Protestant Reformation†. Martin Luther was the spark forRead MoreMartin Luther And The Protestant Reformation1879 Words   |  8 PagesMartin Luther was not only one of the most significant figures in the Protestant Reformation, but he also developed his own denomination of followers. While many say that Luther was breaking away from the Catholic Church to establish a rival church, yet Luther challenged the authority of the church quietly. His arguments did not focus the attention on himself, but wholly on God. Martin Luther is considered the initiator of the Protestant Reformation as he realized the corruption in the Catholic ChurchRead MoreMartin Luther And The Protestant Reformation Essay2089 Words   |  9 Pages1517, as the initial rise of early reform movements. It was the day Martin Luther had encrypted his floating thoughts of early reformation onto paper, with the help of the printing press. Many others before Martin had speculation of somewhat of a reform, but didn’t have the courage to go up against the authoritative Church. Martin and his actions had officially sparked the revolution, and the start of European Reformation. But Martins actions would end up transforming the world indefinitely. SuccessorsRead MoreThe Art Of Reformation By Martin Luther985 Words   |  4 PagesAnalytical Paper: The Art of Reformation The year 1517 is claimed by Christianity to be the original spark of a reformation that changed the face of the most prevalent religion in the western world, beginning in Germany and soon enveloping the known world in an upheaval of beliefs and values. However, due to the fact that Protestant faiths became their own religious, social and political powers, the correct term for this movement would not be ‘reformation’ but in fact ‘revolution’. The so-calledRead MoreMartin Luther And The Protestant Reformation1541 Words   |  7 PagesSochor Professor Eric Breault Religion 374 21 April 2017 Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation Martin Luther was a German professor of Theology during the 13th and 14th century who was a key figure of the Protestant Reformation. In this paper, I will discuss the impact of Martin Luther’s actions from a standpoint of the Catholic Church and its reaction to Martin Luther’s work. To discuss this, I will use some of the works of Martin Luther himself along with sources from authors Paul A. Bishop

Books of Wisdom Literature - 2161 Words

Ho Man Chan RELI 1301 05 J. Jonathan Kim, Ph.D. 11-12-2010 Books of Wisdom Literature Wisdom Literature is a style of Hebrew literature. It was originated from 6th century BC, when the Israelites in exile after being swept into the AD era. These literary works are such as Wisdom books. Wisdom literature has four main characteristics: 1. The writing time should be after the Israelis were swept and before the birth of Jesus Christ; 2. The contents should focus on ethics, but not designed to focus on theology; 3. The way of expression are mainly the maxim, aphorism, metaphor, fables, poems, eulogy, etc; 4. The writing object is not only limited to Jews. There are five main books of Wisdom Literature, Book of Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes,†¦show more content†¦In short, we should use the divine wisdom in our daily lives and provide moral guidance. Try to read more Proverbs and implement it. Finally, we will be able to have a better life which is blessed by the God. Third, many people believe that the writer of Ecclesiastes is a descendant of David which is the king of Jerusalem. It may mean the author is Solomon. The writing time should be before 1000 BC and during the reign of Solomon. Author use evangelist to represent himself, the original meaning of â€Å"evangelist† is convener or assembly spokesman. So, it probably means that he convened a group of audience to listen to his spiritual messages. This book is very loose structure and containing many obscure phrases. Also, many words are unique in the Old Testament which means it is not easy to determine accurately. Many matter, habits and proverbs mentioned in the book were made by metaphor. So, at that time, maybe it is not difficult for the reader to comprehend. However, many readers will be unsure of its meaning nowadays. Nevertheless, the book has a keen observation and criticism of life. It can be attractive for some people to explore the obscure and try to get a deeper wisdom. One of the important contents in this book is the meaningless of life. à ¢â‚¬Å"Prayers on behalf of the dead have no meaning, for nothing can be changed by them. Gods Word shows that the dead no longer have any physical or mental activity (PsalmShow MoreRelatedThe Book Of Job Is A Problematic Piece Of Wisdom Literature1251 Words   |  6 PagesThe Book of Job is a problematic piece of wisdom literature in that it presents a man â€Å"blameless and upright, one who feared God and turned away from evil,† (Job 1:1) and proceeds to destroy him in the face of God. God boasts about Job’s exemplary behavior as a loyal servant to a gathering of his sons. When the Adversary, who stood among God’s sons, wagers that Job would curse God if his possessions were decimated, God allows the Adversary to annihilate all that belongs to Job, including his servantsRead MoreA Discussion Of The Old And New Testaments Essay1141 Words   |  5 PagesWisdom is generally understood as the right application of knowledge. Moreover, it is regarded as basic to a theological understanding of the twin concepts of Creation and Redemption, and this extends its relevance to both a discussion of the Old and New Testaments. In specific terms Wisdom is associated with Creation and with Redemption in both Testaments as an illustration of its importance in overall Salvation History. Wisdom is generally understood as the right use of knowledge. More than thatRead MoreThe Tradition Of Wisdom And Immortality And How God Rewards The Sufferings Of The Just1549 Words   |  7 PagesWisdom literature is unlike previous wisdom writings in Israel by its thematic approach and emphasis on salvation history and immortality and how God rewards the sufferings of the just. Through these narratives light is thrown on the struggles of Judaism in the Greek and Roman eras, upholding values and the fight against pagan ideas; monotheism versus polytheism (Boadt:1984) There are many examples of Wisdom literature found in the Old Testament including I Kings 20:11; Jeremiah 23:28; 31:29. HistoriansRead MoreTheme Of Oppression In Fahrenheit 451710 Words   |  3 Pagesthe oppression in their society. Bradbury uses alludes to the book of Ecclesiastes to show how there is no individual thought in the Fahrenheit 451 society. He also alludes to Thomas Paine’s book Common Sense because it inspires individual thought and uprise against the government. Last, Bradbury alludes to Henry David Thoreau’s book, Walden to show how the Fahrenheit 451 society should be open to positive change. The use of the book of Ecclesiastes shows oppression in Montags life and those aroundRead MoreThe Form And The Literary Style Of Wisdom1456 Words   |  6 Pagesliterary style of wisdom as presented in Proverbs 11 Wisdom literature within the Old Testament consists of a broad collection of books that reflect on Israel’s religious faith. Within the Catholic designation, seven books that of Proverbs, Job, Psalms, Ecclesiastes (Qoheleth) Song of Songs, Sirach and Wisdom are proffered. These books differ in both style and subject matter, nonetheless they share common characteristics which distinguish them from other biblical books. Wisdom has a focus on divineRead MoreHebrew Teaching on Diligence and Laziness636 Words   |  3 Pagesaddressing the question â€Å"Describe the teachings of Hebrew wisdom on diligence and laziness? How does this correspond with the contrast between wisdom and folly?† we should first answer the question â€Å" What is Hebrew wisdom?† According to The Essence of the Old Testament: A Survey, by Ed Hindson and Gary Yates, â€Å"Hebrew wisdom literature is a certain kind of poetic literature that was used to instruct the young person in the ways of wisdom. Hebrew wisdom tends to be practical and was meant to be applied toRead MoreApproaches to the Figure of Divine Wisdom in the Book of Proverbs1245 Words   |  5 Pageswords] Discussing the contemporary sociological perspective of modern feminism to ‘divine’ wisdom should involve a brief overview of the theology’s focus. McGrath suggests that ‘Feminism is a global movement, arguing for gender equality and a right understanding of the relationship between women and men to be affirmed by contemporary theology and practice’ (McGrath, 2011: p.88). Thus, when discussing wisdom in the scriptures the feminists are observing how gender is represented and the effect ofRead MoreThe Lewis s Place As A Twentieth Century Writer1286 Words   |  6 Pageswas able to cause social change by addressing the issues of his time through literature. As seen in many of his works, such as The Abolition of Man, The Problem of Pain, and, The Chronicles of Narnia, Lewis used to the influence he had over his readers to advocate for the important problems with society during the 20th century. This included, the quality of education in schools, evang elical teaching, and children’s books. His original and imaginative way of writing has caused him to become one ofRead MoreSt. Augustine Confessions Essay778 Words   |  4 Pagesexpectations. It also leads him to confess a lot of guilt for his ungodly life which led to a closer spiritual bond for Augustine with God. The closer to God he became the less he cared for things of this world. I think that he found imaginative literature to be somewhat of an offence because it created a genuine emotional response from a fictional reality. Augustine thought a better use of his time was to read God’s word; because it is beneficial to one’s spirit rather than one’s imagination. HisRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511345 Words   |  6 Pageshear a new story on yet another book being banned for some petty reason, such as ‘protection of children’s innocence’ or ‘offensive content’? Have you thought about where such things will take us and our changing, evolving definition of socializing? If you belong with those who contemplate things, who turn things over in their minds, who don’t allow themselves to use ignorance as a shield from difficult, complex thinking, you may have answered ‘yes’. Knowledge, wisdom, and logical reasoning are important

The Number One Question You Must Ask for Yale Supplement Essay Samples

The Number One Question You Must Ask for Yale Supplement Essay Samples So How About Yale Supplement Essay Samples? So, pay attention and make certain you focus on the most suitable assignment. You may be wondering what you can possibly write about to stick out from different applicants with this kind of a brief assignment. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. No one rating will get you admitted, and no 1 rating will get you denied. There is likewise an incredible quantity of unseen math present in football. The prompt is intentionally broad to permit for a wide array of topics. Students commonly want to understand what portion of the college application carries the most weight. You must give examples of which faculty members you would like to learn from. The True Meaning of Yale Supplement Essay Samples Writing an excellent short answer takes a good deal of wordsmithing, so be ready to devote a fantastic deal of time tooling, trim ming, and scrapping your drafts. 35 words isn't a great deal of words, particularly when it comes to a concept as broad as inspiration. In terms of structure, 500 words isn't a lot of room, so it ought to be used wisely. Just try to remember that 100 words isn't lots of space, so you can be in a position to express more in the event that you choose one subject rather than three. Facts, Fiction and Yale Supplement Essay Samples Therefore, the network essay which employs an intriguing facet of yourself to connect other, known elements of your application in an intriguing way may be an ideal add to your application. These don't seem to get connected, but this is an issue of focusthat is the secret to and the objective of a Network Essay. After you choose a topic, be certain to go into detail about WHY it's so important to you. When you've thought of an overall topic, get online and look up a couple of articles about the difficulties. The applicant's experience with a present student is the major quality of this essay. Sometimes you might need the entire writing solutions, including Yale essay prompts. Regardless of what college you want to enroll at, you have to compose an admission essay. Admission essays should not ever be boring. These are excellent points of reference to take into consideration when you're placing your essay together. We will help you with any essay you've got and compose an outstanding paper which will bring you a high grade. There are 3 Yale essay prompts which can help you comprehend the particularities of such undertaking and prepare your paper too. These supplemental essays are rather important since they are often school-specific and work as a way for the college to get to understand you better. Nowadays it's quite difficult to locate a trustworthy essay writing service. The most frequently encountered paper writing service that the majority of our clients require is essay writing. Such information can assist you in writing an essay as a skilled and creative writer. Cornell is somewhere to discover a new method of thinking, and also somewhere to find passion for a study. Yale supplemental essays questions are a true prospect for students to reveal their nature and desires for the future. The opportunities here are endless, but you do want to be cautious not to compose your essay in a means which makes it seem as if you wish to elicit sympathy. So there's no need to spell out why students aspire so much to be a component of Yale. The experience of different men and women are sometimes an actual rescue for your Yale admission. One of the very first colleges in America founded over three hundred decades past, Yale has since secured its position among the most prestigi ous educational institutions on earth. Last, you'll want to share what you're seeking a suitemate friendship, support, a buddy to visit Yale and Harvard football game. Consider both what Yale has to provide you and what you might have the ability to offer you the Yale community. Basically, it wants to make sure you know and value what they offer, and they also want to assess how you'll take advantage of the many opportunities on Yale's campus to further your academic and professional career. It is trying to gauge your unique interests. It is crucial to speak about both Yale and why you'd be an excellent fit. Yale Supplement Essay Samples Fundamentals Explained Alternately, you can respond to a lengthier essay by making use of a vehicle for a base for your response. Utilizing an acceptance calculator will help you discover your likelihood of getting into the schools on top of your list so that you understand how to up your odds. If you don't get a particular vehicle or highly specific interdisciplinary field, you need to use the typical playbook. Keep away from trite answers no matter what. To increase your odds of getting accepted, you mu st compose a superb essay that follows the best practices. Instead, your target is to concentrate on your fit with that aspect, something the admissions officers haven't yet experienced. You should have your reasons, and our principal concern is that you wind up getting an excellent grade. It's never too early to begin thinking about how you're likely to cover college!

Second Language Research Methodology and Development

Question: Discuss about the Second Language Research for Methodology and Development. Answer: Introduction: The employees of the organization are not given proper training to deal with the customers at the retail outlet. In the recent time, customer servicing has become the most integral part of business activity. Customer servicing helps to improve organizational performance and it can also helps to create loyalty among the customers (Legget, 2017). Customer loyalty helps to retain customers. In the era of open market economy and globalization, the competition among the organizations in similar industry has increased. The major competitors of Wesfarmers are Coles Group, Woolworths Ltd, and Metcash Ltd (Raymond, Bawa Dabari, 2016). This study focuses on importance of training and development programs in the organization that shall improve the overall performance of the organization and increase customer loyalty. To analyse the major reasons behind the need of training and development program at Wesfarmers To understand the importance of training and development programs in an organization To evaluate the various means of training and development programs in an organization to improve organizational performance (Nischithaa Rao, 2014) To recommend training and development programs that shall help to improve the organizational performance Research methodology The complete research shall be carried on step by step. The research will be based on both primary and secondary data available from various sources. These steps can be discussed here: Research philosophy: Positivism research philosophy shall be used as the research philosophy. By this means, a positive perception can be developed related to the topic of discussion (Mackey Gass, 2015). Interpretivism is based on human perception and thus, it might vary from person to person and thus, it will be avoided. Research approach: Deductive research approach can be used. Focus shall be made on the collection of relevant data from both primary and secondary sources (Panneerselvam, 2014). The inductive approach shall be avoided because this process encourages developing of new theories, that might not be possible. Research design: Exploratory research design shall be used that will help to evaluate the relationship between the variables of the research study (Flick, 2015). Explanatory research design shall not be used because the topic of research study is clear and evident. Data collection method: The secondary data can be collected by both online and offline means. Various books and journal articles can be used to get information about the topic (Jehanzeb Bashir, 2013). Primary data can be collected by the means of interviewing experts or managers of the organization. In addition to this, a survey can be carried on by the means of survey (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). Online survey technique can be used. Research strategy: The strategy shall include creating a questionnaire for the survey as well as for the interview purpose. Interview can be done via telephonic conversation or by the means of face to face interview (Frost, 2014). Sampling technique: Both probability and non-probability sampling technique shall be used for the purpose of collecting data. However, focus has to be made on targeting the employees of the organization who already have experience in their work (Kulkarni, 2013). Data analysis technique: The data collected from the survey can be converted into numerical data and using statistical measures, evaluation can be made. For the quantitative data, the interview transcript can be converted to themes and hence, thematic analysis can be done. Time table: Principal Activities Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Research topic selection scope analysis Identification of the sources for secondary data Literature Review Description of Research Methodology Preparation of survey questions Collection of primary data Data analysis Comparison of findings Conclusion and recommendation Final submission Table: Time horizon for research (Source: As created by the author) References: Flick, U. (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Frost, S. (2014). The importance of training development in the workplace. Jehanzeb, K., Bashir, N. A. (2013). Training and development program and its benefits to employee and organization: A conceptual study.Training and Development,5(2). Kulkarni, P. P. (2013). A literature review on training development and quality of work life.Researchers World,4(2), 136. Legget, A. (2017) Retailers increasing brand value on the cheap Retrieved from: https://www.intelligentinvestor.com.au/retailers-increasing-brand-value-on-the-cheap-1845841 [Accessed on: 24-3-2017] Mackey, A., Gass, S. M. (2015).Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Nischithaa, P., Rao, M. L. N. (2014). The Importance of Training and Development Programmes in Hotel Industry.International Journal of Business and Administration Research Review,1(5), 2348-0653. Panneerselvam, R. (2014).Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Raymond, M. K., Bawa, A. B., Dabari, I. J. (2016). Utilization of training fund for staff development in adamawa state local government service commission.European Journal of Training and Development Studies,3(4), 1-16. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons.