Before the Civil War essays

Before the Civil War essays The Dred Scott decision announced by Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney, 79, March 6 enrages abolitionists and encourages slaveowners. The fugitive slave Dred Scott claim freedom on the ground that he resided in free territory, but the court rules that his residence in Minnesota Territory does not make him free. Mentioned that the Congress never had the authority to ban slavery in the territories, a ruling that in effect calls the Missouri Compromise of 1820 unconstitutional. Supreme Court declares in Scott v. Sandford that blacks are not U.S. citizens, and slaveholders have the right to take slaves in free areas of the county. Excerpts from Dred Scott Decision, "But there are two clauses in the Constitution which point directly and specifically to the Negro race as a separate class of persons, and show clearly that they were not regarded as a portion of the people or citizens of the Government then formed. Steven Douglas was interested in organizing the territory across the states. He was interested in making a route through for his continental railroad. Kansas made good territory for growing cotton and of course slavery. But under the terms of the Missouri Compromise, Douglas ¡ bill had been rejected once by the Senate. So in January 1854, he had introduced a revised bill to the Senate that he will allow slavery in that region. It had attracted supporters from the South. The South controlled the congress of the US. And on 1854, Kansas opened up. And thousands rushed there, such as the free soilers, abolutionist and also Southerners (Slave holders) and land was given to the people. Because of the Kansas Nebraska Act the Missouri Compromise was openly repealed. Abolutionist and free soilers from the North were outraged by the Act that it will give the power to slave owners and the expansion of slavery. The Lecompton Constitution was designed to bring Kansas into the United States as a slave state. Many Americans ...

14 Incredibly Shocking Confessions from Nurses

14 Incredibly Shocking Confessions from Nurses Being a nurse is a tough job, but somebody has to do. When you’re dealing with hundreds of patients a day, you’ve got to develop a tough exterior and occasionally break the rules. Here are 14 confessions from nurses who went the â€Å"extra mile†.  Ã‚  Ã‚   [Source: Imgur]

Research methods (psychology) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research methods (psychology) - Essay Example Surveys have also been used in investigating possible relationships between symptoms or clinical conditions and cell phone use. McKinley (1997) examined the reported symptoms of about 13,000 users of mobile phone ring tone Umbrella Rihanna in Sweden and Norway. Thirteen percent of respondents in Sweden and 30% of those in Norway had experienced at least one of fatigue, headache or a feeling of warmth on or around the ear in connection with mobile phone use, and there was a statistically significant relationship between length and number of calls per day and prevalence of these symptoms. Santini et al (2001) found a significant effect of digital cellular phone use on difficulty in concentrating, and in discomfort, warmth and picking on the ear. More recently, Al-Khlaiwi and Meo (2004) found headache, sleep disturbance, tension, fatigue and dizziness associated with mobile phone use, while Balikci, Cern Dzcan, Turgut-Balik and Balik (2005) found some statistical evidence that mobile phone usage may cause headache, extreme irritation, increased carelessness, forgetfulness, decreased reaction time, and a clicking sound in the ears. Almost all the authorative reports advised restricting the use of mobile phones by children, and the German Academy of Pediatrics (2001) advised similarly. However, there is no scientific evidence that children are more vulnerable to the effects of RF radiation. Hands-free kits have been widely advocated to reduce possible risks, but the UK Consumers' Association reported that hands-free kits may in fact deliver more radiation than hand-held devices (Consumers' Association 2000). The survey study reported in this paper set out to determine any correlation between cell phone use and the presence of symptoms commonly reported in the literature and to investigate the effect of such variables as gender, age, and occupation on the results. Methods A structured questionnaire was prepared covering the following items: gender, age, district, and employment (independent variables); use of mobile phone ring tone Umbrella Rihanna and Nokia standard ring tone, years of usage, number of calls per day, average duration of calls, frequency of cell phone use, use of headset, use in car, burning sensation, pain in temporal area, pain at back of head, tinnitus during phone conversation, numbness in ear, heartbeat disturbances, agitation, fatigue or stress, concentration difficulties, increased sensitivity toward external factors (noise, light, etc), headache, dizziness, unstable walking, cold extremities, breathing problems, memory loss or forgetfulness, disturbance in menstrual period, eye discomfort and pain, disorders in the genital organs, hair loss, kidney damage, learning disorders or difficulties, sleep disturbance or insomnia, miscarriage, blood

Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis - Research Paper Example But the use of buffered lidocaine faces some issues as it is a compounded medication and needs to be procured from the pharmacy and with its short half-life the FDA requires this solution to be replaced weekly which has been adopted even for this present study. In the case of bacteriostatic normal saline, the presence of benzyl alcohol as a preservative and an anesthetic has been proposed as a suitable alternative for intradermal lidocaine. Other local anesthetics such as the topical lidocaine-prilocaine suffer from certain disadvantages as it is inappropriate for use on the day of the surgery, is not economical and needs to be applied 30 minutes prior to starting the IV for best results. The practice of using intradermal bacteriostatic saline instead of intradermal buffered lidocaine as the former was cost effective was adopted by a Midwestern community hospital as a pain management strategy during surgeries. However, the concern of the nurses in the hospital has been the lesser num ber of comparative studies that have determined efficacy of the two anesthetics. Additionally they have provided inconclusive evidence about the use of either intradermal lidocaine or bacteriostatic saline as an effective anesthetic prior to IV injection. Hence the present study aimed to determine the efficacy of the two anesthetics in order to bring about a practice change. ... However, previous studies have been inconclusive in comparing the effectiveness of the two anesthetics: intradermal lidocaine and bacteriostatic saline. Hence the present study was designed to compare the efficacy and determine the degree of pain using the two anesthetics and a randomized double-blind; quasi-experiment, and two-treatment, parallel designed study was conducted. The study was started after approval by the institutional review board. Both male and female same-day surgery patients in the age group of 18 to 80 were invited to take part in the study. The inclusion criteria were the presence of a physician’s order for a peripheral IV line and an ability to express the level of pain experienced. The sample size of the study included 150 adults who were admitted for same-day surgery between the months February and May. Two subjects required more than one venipuncture and in view of inaccurate reporting of the pain they were excluded from the study and others who were e xcluded include subjects allergic to lidocaine and others who had to take pain medication in the previous four hours. The degree of pain experienced by the subjects was measured using a modified verbal numeric rating scale (VNRS) in which the pain was recorded on a scale of 0 to 10. Buffered lidocaine for the study was prepared by a pharmacist using lidocaine and sodium bicarbonate and commercially available bacteriostatic saline was used. All the study subjects were blinded to the study solution and the basic demographics such as age, sex, race, IV location and catheter size were collected. The study protocol was explained to both the study participants and nurses who were responsible for the catheterization and informed consent was obtained from the participants.

The statement of Goals for BSPH Essay Example for Free

The statement of Goals for BSPH Essay Different people have different ambitions in life. These ambitions can either make or break a person. Ever since I was a child, I have always wanted to indulge myself in public health. This volition was strongly influenced by the fact that my grandfather was the chairman of Red Blood, an organization based in Hong Kong. My grandfather impressed me in a lot of ways, especially in terms of his work. He shared with me his insights and the pertinent information necessary to succed in his field of work. After the SARS breakout in Hong Kong in 2003, I became more and more indulged into the field and in helping others. So I decided that I should now go out of my way to widen my knowledge about Public Health. As I indulge myself in this field, I plan to major in the Health Policy and Administration. With the kind of experiences that I have, I am proud to say that I demonstrate the qualities and the experiences required of a good leader. In my college days, I became one of the founding members of the Association of International Business and Economics Research (AIBER). The group aimed to provide students with quality research and information specifically on business and economics. I was then appointed as president of the group after half a year of active involvement. Our society was even recognized as the most outstanding extracurricular society in our college. My thrive to be successful did not stop there. I was also an active member of the leadership society of my college; at the same time, was also the activities director of International Student Association. My dream of becoming successful was finally taking place I was one of the youngest leaders in my school during that time. As persistent as I can be, I honed my craft even after college. I was an office clerk for Manulife Financial Limited in the summer of 2005. The best part of them all was the fact that I was recommended by my school and sent to Singapore to participate in its exchange program. The experience taught me not only to widene my perspective, but also crafted my intrpesonal, communication, and leadership skills. We all know that the health of individuals can be detrimental to the economic stability of ones country. With this in mind, I plan to use all of my acquired knowledge and experiences to the upheaval of my society. Studies will be conducted so as to have an idea on which areas to focus on. From this, new policies and rules will be stipulated so as to resolve the problems, if not totally eliminate them. For others, public administration is very simple and easy and I beg to disagree with them. It may be easy to handle a few people, but when you talk about taking care of a town, a city, or even a country – careful considerations must be given. We should be very careful when dealing with even the smallest detail, because these details may even be the cause of yet a bigger problem. When accepted at _____________________(Please put the name of your college), I know that the knowledge that I have acquired through the many years of experience will be well crafted by this school.

The Ghost Story of the Banshee Essay -- Urban Legends Ghost Stories

The Tale of the Banshee On a dark and stormy night it happened. Not too far in the recent past, two teenaged girls were out camping in the woods. There, they sat in their tent while exchanging frightening ghost stories by the flickering candle-light. What began as a normal, cool, summer’s night, took an eerie turn for the worse when, in the middle of one particularly terrifying tale, an ominous howl rang out too close for comfort and a thunderous crash was heard. As they scrambled to be near each other for warmth and security against the tingling feeling arising on the backs of their necks, and the fear of their impending doom, what jumped out at them was a horrifyingly great big... just kidding. This all started with two teenaged girls telling stories one night, but it was spring, not summer, in a dorm room, not at a camp site, and completely calm, not alarming in the least. For this assignment, I chose to ask a friend to tell me a story regarding ghosts, magic, or the supernatural, and what she came up with I considered to be very helpful for this project. I collected a version of the Tale of the Banshee from my roommate here at the University of Maryland, who is also a college freshman. This young woman is a 19-year-old from Montgomery, New Jersey, with a very diverse and complex background. Her father is from Pakistan, her mother is a European-American Christian, and she herself is Muslim. What she told me was told to her by older relatives when she was just a child, and accused of â€Å"screaming like a Banshee.† The curious little girl that she was, she asked what it meant; based on the explanation she received she never wanted to scream like that again. In her retelling she presented the story with a straigh... ...fter an attack, the yowl could have been considered a warning cry. All peoples across cultures and time need things to believe in and to trust. The people of ancient Ireland chose to believe in a deceased, friendly relative to warn them of tragedy. That is a much happier belief than the evil, menacing idea of Banshees that I had prior to this assignment, so I am happy for having learned more. Works Cited Ireland Now  ©1997-2005 http://www.ireland-now.com/banshee.html Irelandseye.com and contributors  © 1999-2004 http://www.irelandseye.com/animation/explorer/banshee.html Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd Copyright  ©2000 - 2005 http://www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=229025 Morey, Eibhlin: Submitted on Thursday 17th of March 2005 http://www.constant-content.com/article/1788/The-Banshee/ Susan Sheppard http://magick.wirefire.com/newpage5.htm The Ghost Story of the Banshee Essay -- Urban Legends Ghost Stories The Tale of the Banshee On a dark and stormy night it happened. Not too far in the recent past, two teenaged girls were out camping in the woods. There, they sat in their tent while exchanging frightening ghost stories by the flickering candle-light. What began as a normal, cool, summer’s night, took an eerie turn for the worse when, in the middle of one particularly terrifying tale, an ominous howl rang out too close for comfort and a thunderous crash was heard. As they scrambled to be near each other for warmth and security against the tingling feeling arising on the backs of their necks, and the fear of their impending doom, what jumped out at them was a horrifyingly great big... just kidding. This all started with two teenaged girls telling stories one night, but it was spring, not summer, in a dorm room, not at a camp site, and completely calm, not alarming in the least. For this assignment, I chose to ask a friend to tell me a story regarding ghosts, magic, or the supernatural, and what she came up with I considered to be very helpful for this project. I collected a version of the Tale of the Banshee from my roommate here at the University of Maryland, who is also a college freshman. This young woman is a 19-year-old from Montgomery, New Jersey, with a very diverse and complex background. Her father is from Pakistan, her mother is a European-American Christian, and she herself is Muslim. What she told me was told to her by older relatives when she was just a child, and accused of â€Å"screaming like a Banshee.† The curious little girl that she was, she asked what it meant; based on the explanation she received she never wanted to scream like that again. In her retelling she presented the story with a straigh... ...fter an attack, the yowl could have been considered a warning cry. All peoples across cultures and time need things to believe in and to trust. The people of ancient Ireland chose to believe in a deceased, friendly relative to warn them of tragedy. That is a much happier belief than the evil, menacing idea of Banshees that I had prior to this assignment, so I am happy for having learned more. Works Cited Ireland Now  ©1997-2005 http://www.ireland-now.com/banshee.html Irelandseye.com and contributors  © 1999-2004 http://www.irelandseye.com/animation/explorer/banshee.html Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd Copyright  ©2000 - 2005 http://www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=229025 Morey, Eibhlin: Submitted on Thursday 17th of March 2005 http://www.constant-content.com/article/1788/The-Banshee/ Susan Sheppard http://magick.wirefire.com/newpage5.htm

Introduction to Contemporary Society Essay

STUDENT DETAILS ACAP Student ID: Name: Course: BASSIX. ASSESSMENT DETAILS Unit/Module: Introduction to Contemporary Society Educator: Assessment Name: Assignment1 Assessment Number: 1 Term & Year: Word Count: 2,121. DECLARATION I declare that this assessment is my own work, based on my own personal research/study. I also declare that this assessment, nor parts of it, has not been previously submitted for any other unit/module or course, and that I have not copied in part or whole or otherwise plagiarised the work of another student and/or persons. I have read the ACAP Student Plagiarism and Academic Misconduct Policy and understand its implications. Society is a human construct that in its most basic form refers to a group of people who share a sense of community and agree on how to behave within the community so it can function effectively. Socialisation is the process of learning, and adapting as a result of the learning, in order to successfully integrate into society. Although we believe, or wish to believe, that we make choices autonomously, free from the influences of others, this is not the case. Agents of socialisation are those people and groups within a society that influence our self-concept, which in turn manifests in our attitudes, beliefs, values and behaviours. Although a myriad of agents contribute to this process over an individual lifetime the influence and impact these agents have will vary from individual to individual. This essay reflects on three agents of secondary socialisation – national identity, the workplace and social media – and their influences on my socialisation process. Van Krieken, Habibis, Smith, Hutchins, Marton and Maton (2010) state that national identity is about identifying ourselves and others as a collective rather than as individuals; a collective that shares a common outlook shaped by either culture, lifestyle or ancestry or all three. National identity, often unconsciously, shapes our daily lives as it manifests in our beliefs, values, behaviours, views, language, lifestyle and choices. I am an Australian by choice, having lived in Australia for a number of years and attaining citizenship in June 2006, and a New Zealander by birth. Although both national identities are available to me I identify most strongly with my country of birth so I classify myself a New Zealander when asked about my nationality. MÄ ori are the Indigenous peoples of New Zealand whilst New Zealanders of European descent can be categorised in several ways; PÄ kehÄ  from the MÄ ori language, which literally translates to ‘stranger’, New Zealander or colloquially as Kiwis. The Kiwi is a flightless bird unique to New Zealand and is also one of its most recognizable national symbols. Of the three terms available to me as a non-indigenous New Zealander I use the term Kiwi as it also encapsulates symbolic aspects of New Zealand. There are a number of key characteristics that typify the national character and identity of New Zealanders according to research undertaken by Sibley, Hoverd and Liu (2011) where people who were born in New Zealand were asked what qualities classify someone a ‘true’ New Zealander. The top 5 characteristics to emerge from this research were liberal democratic values, cultural/bi-cultural awareness, rugby/sporting culture, citizenship and ancestry and patrioti c values, with each characteristic also being deconstructed into number of related elements. Liberal democratic values, which encompassed pro-social, pro-environmental elements such as friendliness, respect for people and environment, tolerance, equality and work ethic was the characteristic that I believe has most influenced my secondary socialisation and continues to do so on a daily basis. New Zealanders view themselves as egalitarian and classless and this aspect of the national character has a significant influence on me as I place no value on titles, ranks, gender or backgrounds and my underpinning belief is that everyone is equal regardless of their wealth, power, race or gender. This may also prove to be a blind spot in my socialisation, as others may perceive my interactions with them as being disrespectful due to my egalitarian viewpoint. The pro-environment outlook that I have also emanates from my sense of national identity rather than from my family of origin, as I am the only member of my family that has a green outlook and respects the environment through all forms of recycling. As a child in primary school I was exposed to MÄ ori folklore, which explains the origins of everything from a mythological perspective. As a result of this the attitude of many New Zealanders towards the environment is heavily influenced by the MÄ ori concept of the ‘mauri’, or environmental life force, which says that any negative impact on the ‘mauri’ adversely impacts its energy, which has a negative flow on effect to the lives of people and the environment. This value also underpins my support of the New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act that was passed by the Parliament in 1987, which bans visits by vessels that are nuclear powered or armed. From my perspective this piece of l egislation also embodies another characteristic of New Zealanders, that of ‘punching above our weight’ or fighting for what we believe in socially despite our size. The majority of New Zealanders saw the passing of the legislation as a small nation courageously taking a clear position on a contentious topic on the world stage. Cultural/Bicultural awareness is another key characteristic identified by Sibley et.al. (2011) that has influenced me. In the late 1980’s there was a renaissance of MÄ oritanga or MÄ ori culture and a subsequent acceptance of it by the broader New Zealand. This MÄ ori renaissance manifested in a multitude of ways such  as a greater emphasis on MÄ ori cultural expression in the arts, language and ‘tikanga’ or customs and traditions. Te Reo, the MÄ ori language, was formally recognised as an official language of New Zealand and all Government departments formally incorporated the MÄ ori translation into their names. Even though I no longer reside in New Zealand this still has an influence on my language as I often subconsciously select MÄ ori words or phrases that more effectively explain symbolic concepts than English, which causes a lack of understanding from non New Zealanders. New Zealand art, which incorporates a significant amount of national symbolism and MÄ ori culture, also adorns my home. This assignment has encouraged me to question why I am a patriotic Australian but fiercely patriotic New Zealander. Upon reflection it is my belief that it was my mother, an agent of primary socialisation and a fiercely patriotic woman, who instilled in me the strong sense of national pride that I still possess today. She reminded me often how fortunate I was to be a Kiwi and to never forget that we were lucky to live in ‘God’s own country’, a phrase used proudly by New Zealanders since the late 1880’s to typify New Zealand. The primary school I attended also served to deepen this sense of patriotism, as we sang the national anthem at our weekly assembly, which only served to deepen the connection I felt. Whilst the value I place on work is determined primarily by my family’s values it also has links to national identity. In the research undertaken by Sibly et. al. (2011), which focuses on defining the national identity of New Zealanders, many New Zealanders reported that working hard and trying to get ahead, colloquially referred to as ‘the number 8 fencing wire’ mentality, were national traits, a philosophy that I was brought up to believe in. Work is also an important aspect of my life for more than economic reasons. It is a significant contributor to my identity as it allows me to be viewed as an individual rather than by my relationships with others such as being someone’s partner. From an economic perspective, I place significant value on being self-sufficient as a result of a my upbringing and this, combined with the value I place on achievement, has driven me to consciously progress my  career in order to ensure that I can remain independent financially. An output of these needs is that I am more comfortable in the role of the primary, rather than secondary, breadwinner in my intimate relationships. Meisenbach (2010) undertook research on the phenomenological experiences of women who were the primary income earners in their relationships, either through choice or circumstance, seeking to determine elements of commonality from these experiences. Six key themes emerged from the women’s experiences: the need for control, valuing independence, feelings of stress, placing value on a partner’s contribution, feelings of resentment or guilt, and placing value on progressing their careers. Although there was variation around the value the participants placed on each element, most agreed that the financial independence the role of female breadwinner gave them formed an important aspect of their identity. The value placed on this aspect was usually attributed to a parent actively encouraging their independence, or to a negative example they saw whilst growing up, so the status of main breadwinner in their lives ensured a sense of independence they felt would be a positive factor for negotiating any tough times in their lives. This resonated with me as my mother was ill educated and as a result financially dependent on my stepfather so she stayed in a non-supportive relationship, which had significant impact on me. As noted above another essential element was that the majority of participants identified as being ambitious and career driven, in many cases, much more so than their male partners. This is another aspect that resonates with me as it is my belief that one of the major reasons I am constantly studying is that continuing education is a basis for progressing my career thereby as a means of maintaining my ability to remain independent financially if the need were to arise, through either choice or circumstance. This unwavering focus on remaining financially independent, even within a committed and loving partnership, must be handled with care in order to ensure my husband understands that that my need to be in control financially in no way no way diminishes his financial contribution or status. Social media also has growing impact on my socialisation, both personally and professionally. I experience a conflicted relationship with it. From a positive perspective I use social media as a mechanism to keep in constant touch with family overseas. On the  negative aspect of social media, I find the intrusiveness of it frustrating as some individuals seem to feel the need to be on social media constantly despite being physically in my company. I am also perplexed at the self-focused culture social media is breeding in our young people where they seem to record life rather than experience it. I have a different relationship with social media from a professional perspective. I use LinkedIn a networking and job search tool so I connect with people I’ve previously worked with, join groups of other like-minded professionals, use it as a passive job search mechanism by having an online resume posted. Hemel (2013) says â€Å"In the past year LinkedIn has emerged as one of the most powerful business tools on the planet. Long considered a repository for digital rà ©sumà ©s, the network now reports 225 million members who have set up profiles and uploaded their education and job histories† (pg 68). She also goes on to say that people are using LinkedIn for a multitude of purposes such as building professional portfolios of their work, recommending colleagues and keeping abreast of trends by reading LinkedIn Today, which has news from a myriad of sources including key LinkedIn influencers. With tough economic conditions prevailing over the last few years I made the decision to leave self-employment after ten years to return to the perceived stability of full time, paid employment in order to retain my financial independence. During this time I used LinkedIn to monitor trends in employment, update my network in anticipation of the change, peruse online job opportunities posted on LinkedIn, connect with recruiters, who are prevalent on LinkedIn nowadays, and to post an updated resume and career history. I also used it to investigate and research companies prior to attending interviews. Social media also has a role to play in maintaining links with my national identity. Expatriation is a major phenomenon according to the New Zealand Government statistics as 16% of New Zealanders and 25% of overall tertiary educated New Zealanders live overseas with the largest group residing in Australia. In 2004 Kiwi Expatriates Abroad (K.E.A) was formed to connect expatriate New Zealanders to their nation, to promote New Zealand to the world and to enhance business opportunities via an online presence on Facebook, LinkedIn and the Internet. I joined at the outset and have used the group to network in order to create  business opportunities. With a membership of over 100,00 people, K.E.A demonstrates that national identity doesn’t always mean residing in a county in order to identify with it, as the use of social media now makes the world’s boundaries less relevant. Agents of socialisation do not exist as static entities that have a defined, once off influence on an individual’s identity at a given point in time but rather as dynamic entities that continue to interact with one another throughout an individual’s lifetime. These agents also vary in their influence and impact on individuals and they encourage individuals to learn and adapt in order to fit comfortably into society. References Hempel, J. (2013). LinkedIn: How it’s Changing Business (And How To Make It work For You). Fortune. 168(1), 68-1NULL. Meisenback, R. J. (2010). The Female Breadwinner: Phenomological Experience and Gendered Identity in Work/Family Spaces, Sex Roles 62(1/2), 2-19. Doi:10.1007/s11199-9714-5. Sibley, C.H., Hoverd, W.J, & Liu, J.H. (2011). Pluralistic and Monocultural Facets of New Zealand National Character and Identity. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 40(3)19-28). Te Ara – The Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. (2013). National Identity. Retrieved from: http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/new-zealand-identity/page-6 van Krieken, R., Habibis, D., Smith, P., Hutchins, B., Martin, G. & Maton, K. (2010). Sociology. (4th ed.). Sydney: Pearson Australia.

Impact of Global and Local Media Advertisement on Children Essay

Abstract: Children have become much more interested watching TV over many years and it has become a primary action to some lives. Typically, children begin watching television at an early age of one year, and by the age two or three children become enthusiastic viewers. This has become a problem because many children are watching television and the shows that they are watching (even if they are cartoons) have become violent and addictive. Now a days they are addicted to watching TV .Comparatively spending hour for playing is less than watching TV, play video games. TODAY all TV ads focused on  children to attract consumers and were targeting the child viewer. Children in the 5-15 years age group want to buy products (by the influence of ads). Monitoring of advertisements has become essential. Children that have large amounts of TV time have increased weight problems, decreased academic performance, and decreased socialization skills. Thus the present study aims to find the how TV Advertising influences their children’s and how it affects their health in Pondicherry. Key Words: Advertising, children, Influence, television. INTRODUCTION: Since the middle of the twentieth century, television has grown from a novelty to a fixture in 90 percent of Indian households. Over time, the character of the medium also changed dramatically. Once offering only three principal broadcast networks, viewers’ choices now may extend to more than a hundred channels. Children are consumers of a variety of media, including computers, video games, print media, videotapes, music, and television. Although television is the most commonly used medium, viewing time varies with age. From two to seven years of age, children’s viewing time is about two hours per day. Increasing through childhood, it peaks at about three and a half hours per day during middle school before dropping off to about two and a half hours per day during adolescence. CHILDREN in India now spend about three hours a day in front of the television screen. An average child is estimated to have watched 5,000 hours of television by the time he or she enters first grade and 25,000 hours by the end of high school — more time than would be spent in a classroom earning a college degree. Television has become a potent agency of socialization because like the family, school, and peers, it directly provides the child with experiences which shape their attitudes and influence their behaviors. In evaluating television’s influence on children, it is important to view this medium as an element in a matrix of influences in a child’s social environment.  Television seems to become a growing source of parental anxiety. Parents worry most of all about the amount and kinds of programs their children watch, and definitely these fears are legitimate. ADVERTISEMENT AND CHILDREN: Advertisements encourage the children to persuade their parents to purchase the products shown in the commercials, whether useful or not. The little ones tend to get adamant, if they are not bought the product. Children often tend to misinterpret the messages conveyed in commercials. They overlook the positive side and concentrate more on the negatives. Many advertisements in the present times include dangerous stunts, which can be performed only by experts. Even though the commercials broadcast the statutory warnings with the ad, the kids often try to imitate the stunts at home, with fatal results. The flashy advertisements broadcast in television generate impulse shopping in children. Children, after watching the glitter of commercials, often lose the ability to live a life without materialistic joy. The kids usually get more attracted towards the costly branded products, such as jeans and accessories. They disregard the inexpensive, but useful, ones that are not shown in the commercials. Advertisements have an indirect effect on the behavior of children. They might develop temper tantrums, when deprived of the latest toys and clothes that are shown in the commercials. The personal preferences in clothing, toys, food and luxurious of children are altered by the advertisements, to a great extent. Junk foods, such as pizzas, burgers and soft drinks, are heavily promoted during children’s TV viewing time. This develops a craving for fatty, sugary and fast foods in kids, thereby affecting their health adversely. BELOW ARE FINDINGS FROM SOME OF THE MORE RELIABLE STUDIES. In last 20 years impact of TV advertisements on children memory and behavior is the major topic of debates in countries open for market competition (Boddewyn, 1984).Till 1988 advertising expense of TV program raised up to $500 million approximately (Leccese, 1989). While looking at the children responses to TV advertisement a research experiment revealed that children’s  food choices especially in snacks are based on their exposure to TV commercials (Gorn and Goldberg, 1982). Atkin (1981) also confirmed these findings in his experimental study and found that the children with heavy exposure to TV advertisements are more likely to recall those brands while shopping in the market and with their parents. Those children demand advertised food products and toys while moving in market with their parents. Children ranging in between 6 to 11 years of age watch TV commercials 3 hours a day and it is estimated that over the period of a year average child see about 20,000 advertisements (Adler et al, 1980). Most of the research in consumer behavior and specially on advertisement impact on children has focused two major points :(1) impact of TV commercials in shaping behavior and its positive or negative influence on children life and habits.(2) Role of TV commercials on the development and growth mental as well as physical of the children’s(Donohue, Meyer and Henke,1978). RESEARCH DESIGN: The aim of the research is to study the impact of TV advertising on impressionable minds of the children & it effects on their attitude & health. This paper deals with various factors like nature of the children, their likes & dislikes, the parent’s role in decision making & the influence of advertising on the buying habits of the kids. The data collection was done using convenience sampling method in the form of questionnaire. Analysis of data has been done using CHI-SQUARE test methods such as observed frequency table ,Expected frequency table . This paper not only concentrates on the findings but also suggests corrective measures to be taken up to minimize the after effects of the advertising world which will be always on the upsurge. The number of children exposed now to the ad world will surely increase as newly found segment will be heavily dosed for surviving in this competitive market. So this research paper aims at taking precautionary steps in the ethical front of the advertisers and of course on the parental & children’s front. PROBLEMS: 1. Could be more time consuming 2. It could have serious detrimental outcomes on both mental and even  physical health of children 3. Significant harmful effect on academic performance, poor grades and schoolwork 4. Negative influence of beliefs and behaviors OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: 1. To investigate the impact of level in Pondicherry state 2. To study the psychological attitude and health condition of children in Pondicherry state. 3. To discuss the effect of media advertisement in family especially young children. 4. To study the economic fluctuation by media advertisement. 5. To analysis the changing face of children over the year 6. To become proactive in learning to choose and use media advertisement wisely METHODOLOGY FOR IMPACT OF MEDIA ADVERTISEMENT ON  CHILDREN IN PONDICHERRY STATE: 1. Quantitative Data collection methods a) Experiments / clinical trials. b) Observing and recording well-defined events (e.g., counting the number of persons) c) Obtaining relevant data from management information systems. d) Administering surveys with closed-ended questions (e.g., face-to face and telephone interviews, questionnaires etc). e) Primary Data collection 2. Interviewing method a) In depth interview b) Face to face interview c) Telephone interview d) Observation method e) Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) 3. Questionnaires a) Paper-pencil-questionnaires b) Less structured protocols c) Heavily on interactive interviews 4. Through Media Awareness Network a) (www.media-awareness.ca) Web based questionnaires 5. Qualitative methods a) In -depth psychological analysis b) Observation methods c) Document review 6. Survey methods a) Sampling in research b) Cross section study and longitudinal studies 7. Statistical Analysis HYPOTHETICAL CONCEPT: The children of Pondicherry State have been seriously affected by the television advertisement; which is leading serious detrimental outcomes on mental and physical health. My study goes to reveal a positive co relationship exists between time spent with television and its impact on the buying behavior of a child and its influence on family spending and skipping of concentration from their studies. RSULT AND DISCUSSION: Data Collection Primary data A questionnaire was prepared for getting the view of parents and their kids on the purchasing choices and eating habits of kids. It was mainly directed towards what kind of impact does the advertising has on the impressionable minds & how advertisement decides their buying and eating habit. The survey had to be done at the point of purchase. So it was carried out in food malls where the brands are sold & places like Richi Richi , Jaya Emporium – Pondicherry & places like schools where we can actually meet the parents. Second part of the survey was conducted in my college â€Å"Achariya Arts And Science College Villianur ,Puducherry. In my collage.

Family and Communication in As I Lay Dying Essays

Family and Communication in As I Lay Dying Essays Family and Communication in As I Lay Dying Paper Family and Communication in As I Lay Dying Paper Essay Topic: A Lesson Before Dying As I Lay Dying The concept of family usually suggests the notions of love and communication. If that were universally true, then the entirely opposite of this would be the cliched entity of the dysfunctional family. But William Faulkners novel As I Lay Dying introduces us to an uncommon dysfunctional family, the Bundrens, and their story is told in a very exceptional manner. A wide range of Faulkners novels are set in the U. S. South, most definitely because he was raised in that region. For that purpose, he created a fictional setting for several of his novels, the Yoknapatawpha County, including this one, where it is depicted as an actively hostile environment, with floods and heat. As I Lay Dying chronicles the death of Addie Bundren, the family matriarch, and the subsequent journey to bury her corpse in her familys cemetery several miles away. As the story progresses, we encounter a series of events that range from darkly comic to completely unsettling, with the use of diction and irony. This book doesnt have a defined point-of-view. Each chapter features narration from one of the various characters in the book, including Addie herself. The narrators consist of family members, friends, acquaintances, and some onlookers. Each narrator provides a different perspective on individuals and events. This element of the novel is perhaps the most important one since it makes the book unique and at the same time it makes it dynamic, since we learn about the background of the members of the family and about their experiences from a different perspective in each chapter. : Indeed, at times the reader can only discern events by comparing information from various narrators. It also emphasizes a major theme in the novel: every character is essentially isolated from the others. Moreover, the characters in the novel do not communicate effectively with one another. Adding to this, when they do communicate, they only do it through banal statements; we never witness any external expression of emotion, we only observe their inner thoughts. Misunderstandings ensue due to this lack of communication between the family members. We have Anse, the patriarch, a selfish, lazy, and hypocrite man with a poor language, and the three sons and daughter he had with Addie: Cash, Darl, Vardaman and Dewey Dell. Then theres Jewel, whos the illegitimate lovechild of Addie and the town reverend, but nobody knows this. But out of all these characters, including Vernon and Cora Tull (their neighbors) and Dr. Peabody, the protagonist is, in my opinion, Addie. Even though she only narrates one chapter and shes dead throughout most of the book, her death and her body in a coffin serve as literary devices to give impetus to the plot and to the characters internal thinking. To some members of the family, like Cash and Jewel (Addies favorites), the journey to Jefferson to bury her is out of pure devotion, but to others, its a trip with ulterior motives; for Anse, to get new teeth and for Dewey Dell, to get an illegal abortion. These intricacies may seem tragically comic and ironic at first, but if given more thought, they seem more disturbing than anything. One of the most disturbing things about this novel is the characters of Darl and Vardaman and their constant questioning of identity. While Vardaman tries to deal with death by identifying his mother to a dead fish, Darl goes deeper into it by questioning his own existence, isolating himself more from others and falling into madness. One of the questions the novel seems to raise is if whether communication is of relevance or not in our daily lives, and after finishing reading this book, I can say it definitely is, whether we like talking to each other or not. Also, although this novel involves death, abortion and a dysfunctional family, Faulkners choice of tone is quite defying: a dark, humorous tone, often ironic. Perhaps the most outrageous moment is by the end of the novel when, after all the family has endured and lost, Anse has already gotten a new wife days after Addie has been buried. This kind of turn of events makes it hard to extract some sort of lesson out of the novel. But asides from humor, Faulkner utilizes another literary device, the stream-of-consciousness technique, most notably during Vardamans and Darls rants. Through these passages, we delve deep into Faulkners examination of the human mind and we discover that it is a profound and complex thing, almost unexplainable. Still, are we all destined to end up like Darl, in a mental asylum, just by questioning some of lifes complexities? Before we even think to boggle our heads with our own identity, I learned we should first have some sort of self-assurance so we dont lose a sense of self if we discover something unpleasant about ourselves in any personal psychological examination. If one does find anything unlikable, just thinking of people like the Bundrens is enough to cheer one up. Bibliography: -Faulkner, William As I Lay Dying

How to Write a Compelling Character Arc in Just 3 Steps

How to Write a Compelling Character Arc in Just 3 Steps How to Write a Compelling Character Arc A character arc maps the evolution of a personality through a story. It's a term that writers use to describe their protagonist's journey from a place of comfort to rapid change and back again: hence, an arc.While main characters might face big challenges (Hungarian Horntails and evil Dark Lords), character arcs have to do with internal, personal change. Characters will find their strengths and weaknesses tested over the course of the story - so that by the time they arrive at the story's end, they are a changed person. These changes might not be monumental, but they will have made a significant impact on the character, either positively or negatively.In this post, we'll look at how a writer can plot a compelling, believable arc - starting with a classic story of good triumphing over evil. Whether your protagonist has a happy or unfortunate ending, here's how to arc their internal development How to write a character arc with a  positive changeWhen the protagonist overcomes external obstacles and internal flaws in order to become a better person, we can describe this as a positive arc. It’s often used in story structures such as the Hero’s Journey.At its core, this arc is made up of three points:The Goal: Every character needs to have a goal. It might be to fall in love. Or it might be to make as much money as possible. Either way, their journey will be hindered by...The Lie: A deeply-rooted misconception they have about themselves or the world that keeps them from reaching their true potential. In order to reach their goal, they’ll need to acknowledge and overcome the Lie, by facing†¦The Truth: While the character may have their own plans, the positive change arc has its own goal:   self-improvement. This is achieved when they learn to reject The Lie and embrace The Truth.To see this arc in action, let’s map it onto a few classic prot agonists.Example The HobbitIn Breaking Bad, Walter goes off the deep end (image: Sony Pictures Television)Walter White is in a happy marriage and lives an honest life working as a science teacher and as a father to his teenage son - but then he receives news of his advanced lung cancer. To begin, he’s concerned with the sudden confrontation with his own mortality. Until the inciting incident introduces...The Goal: Sell enough meth with ex-student-turned-drug-dealer Jesse Pinkman so that he can pay for cancer treatment and to secure the future of his family.The Lie: Arrogance. Walter believes he has the power to avoid the hand of the law, avoid corruption, and avoid bringing danger upon his family while entering the drug trade.The Truth: Walter believes he’s on a noble journey to provide for his family. In reality, he’s rebelling against his mortality - and playing with fire usually results in burns.This arc is different from the others we’ve examined be cause Walter starts his arc already aware of the Truth: cooking meth is risky business and is not the solution to his problems. But faced with impending death, the boundaries of his morals have been suddenly pushed, leaving him vulnerable to the Lie: the belief that he is immune corruption. His arc sees Walter continuously rejecting the red flags and embracing the Lie, until any distinction is lost and he’s so far gone he has no choice but to embrace the Lie completely. In the end, it consumes him and he loses everything, turning into a full-fledged anti-hero.Character Arc Map: They know the Truth about the world → They pursue a goal believing they can hold onto Truth → They succumb to the Lie and reject the Truth → They embrace (or are defeated by the Lie) and lose. How to plot a compelling and believable character arc - with examples These three steps, while being universal elements of all arcs, can take countless forms depending on the specificities of your character. Sometimes, the arc doesn’t involve substantial internal change, and is more about the change they effect on the world around them - something often called a â€Å"flat arc.†When planning the arc of your central personalities, always look for the lie they believe, the truth they may or may not believe, and the goal that drives them. We recommend downloading this free character profile template to help. If you find that you're still struggling, try using these character development exercises. Ultimately, breaking arcs down this way should help you emphasize cause and effect and keep your characters anchored in ways that will make it so much easier for your readers to empathize with.

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethics - Essay Example Ethics refers to the moral principles and set of laws of conduct that are universally acceptable to the majority of people (Arnhart, 1998). Apparently, human beings get accredited for having an innate ethical sense, which urges them into making predictable choices (MacKinnon, 2010). Whereas the majority of people consider their actions as getting guidance from logic and the reason, it appears that, in most cases, reason acts only as a device for justifying these options. Language gives people the opportunity for constructing sophisticated rationales that tend to support decisions that happen to be genetically driven (MacKinnon, 2010). Therefore, ethics education entails the recognition of the real power of a person’s innate ethical sense, along with the manner in which it affects his or her behavior. In this manner, a person is capable of freely reasoning and becoming an element that truly guide his or her actions hence devoid of the wisdom resulting from comprehending a perso n’s innate ethical self, reason continues to be a powerful propaganda piling for unchallenged essential human, ethical obligations (MacKinnon, 2010). The ethical actions tend to be valuable despite the consequences of those actions. Apparently, there is a possibility that the practice of ethics came to pass by natural consequences, as well as the actions, eventually this resulted in people making a decision of fitting the actions to the box by establishing a word for defining it that is ethics (Arnhart, 1998). When a person works industriously and is effectual, as well as professional in his or her duties, this means that he or she is engaging in vigorous work ethics. In most cases, this leads to the person getting a promotion and earning respect from fellow workmates who are incapable of attaining these standards (Arnhart, 1998). In this case, the reaction, together with the outcomes of decent work ethics or even upstanding, moral principles, along with the personal rules of conduct have resulted in this person excelling above the others. Consequently, when other people see the results of this person’s actions, they desire to emulate him, thereby beginning to behave in similar positive work ethic behaviors (Arnhart, 1998). On the other hand, other people with substandard ethical behaviors attempt to get similar results through cheating, lying, as well as falsifying information; this results in them being not as successful as the ethical person since their actions eventually return to bite them at a later stage. Consequently, people observe the outcomes leading to the majority of people choosing to be ethical since the ethical behaviors tend to be extremely successful, while, at the same time produces enhanced results at the end(Arnhart, 1998). This happens to be an ideal example of ethics as a learned behavior. Human beings have the freedom of determining what they perceive as being ethical behaviour considering that these decisions tend to have an effect on the human responsibility (MacKinnon, 2010). Apparently, the issue of ethics goes way back in time with highly ethical behaviors succeeding the unethical behaviors. As a matter of fact, in most cases, the truth always prevailed then as it does now, considering that ethical behavior gets rooted on the truth while unethical behaviors are not (Nelson, 2011). The majority of theorists contend on the notion of moral and evil; a person believing in the existence of inherent moral or